Humanin

Research dosages range from 0.1 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg in animal studies. Human protocols typically discuss 2-10 mg/day subcutaneous or intravenous, though clinical dosing is not well-established. Most evidence remains preclinical.

Binds pro-apoptotic proteins BAX, Bim, and tBid to inhibit caspase activity and prevent programmed cell death.

Binds IGFBP-3 intracellularly to modulate IGF signaling and inhibit IGFBP-3-mediated apoptosis.

When secreted, interacts with formyl peptide receptor-like 1/2 to mediate ASK and JNK signaling pathways, regulating apoptosis.

Interacts with the CNTFR-alpha/gp130/WSX-1 trimeric receptor complex to induce JAK2/STAT3 signaling cascades involved in cell survival.

Protects neurons against amyloid-beta toxicity and other neurodegenerative insults. Shown to reduce beta-amyloid toxicity in brain models relevant to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

Overexpression increases lifespan in C. elegans via daf-16/FOXO. Higher circulating humanin levels found in centenarians, suggesting it may be an endogenous longevity factor.

Maintains proper mitochondrial functioning, helping to prevent dysfunction linked to neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders.

Has been shown to improve glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in animal models, relevant to diabetes and obesity.

Shows protective effects against cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and heart failure in preclinical models.

Mitochondrial-nuclear communication plays a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. MOTS-c, ...

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · Yadong Yin, Yujie Li, Boyi Ma, Chenlu Ren, Shuhua Zhao

Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are a novel class of bioactive microproteins encoded by short ...

Peptides · Satadeepa Kal, Sumana Mahata, Suborno Jati, Sushil K Mahata

Mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) represent a recently discovered family of peptides encoded by s...

Journal of advanced research · Yang Li, Zhuozhuo Li, Yuanyuan Ren, Ying Lei, Silong Yang

Mitokines are signaling molecules that enable communication of local mitochondrial stress to other m...

Aging cell · Johannes Burtscher, Afsaneh Soltany, Nishant P Visavadiya, M...

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening complication of cardiac surgery that has a high rate o...

European journal of pharmacology · Peng Lu, Xiaopei Li, Ben Li, Xiangyu Li, Chufan Wang