Liraglutide

FDA-approved dosing: Victoza (diabetes) starts at 0.6 mg/day subcutaneously, titrated to 1.2-1.8 mg/day. Saxenda (weight management) starts at 0.6 mg/day, titrated weekly by 0.6 mg to target dose of 3.0 mg/day. This is a prescription medication with well-established clinical dosing.

Binds and activates the GLP-1 receptor on pancreatic beta cells and in the CNS, stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion and suppressing glucagon release.

Acts on GLP-1 receptors in the hypothalamus and brainstem to reduce hunger and increase satiety, leading to reduced caloric intake.

Slows gastric emptying, contributing to post-meal glucose control and prolonged satiety.

The palmitoyl fatty acid chain enables non-covalent binding to serum albumin, protecting from DPP-4 degradation and extending half-life to ~13 hours.

Significant weight reduction demonstrated in clinical trials (SCALE program), FDA-approved as Saxenda for chronic weight management at 3.0 mg/day.

Reduces HbA1c and fasting glucose in type 2 diabetes. FDA-approved as Victoza for glycemic control.

LEADER trial demonstrated reduced risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes patients.

May improve pancreatic beta cell function and survival through GLP-1R-mediated anti-apoptotic signaling.

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