MOTS-c

Research dosages typically range from 5-15 mg/week, administered subcutaneously 2-3 times per week. Some protocols use 5 mg every 5 days, preferably before exercise. Human clinical data is very limited; most evidence derives from animal studies.

Inhibits the folate cycle and de novo purine biosynthesis, leading to AICAR accumulation and subsequent AMPK activation, a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis.

Under metabolic stress, MOTS-c translocates from mitochondria to the nucleus in an AMPK-dependent manner, where it regulates genes with antioxidant response elements (ARE) and interacts with NRF2.

Mimics many of the metabolic benefits of exercise by activating AMPK in skeletal muscle, improving glucose utilization and metabolic flexibility.

Enhances insulin sensitivity by improving glucose uptake and modulating plasma metabolites related to insulin signaling.

Promotes metabolic homeostasis, reduces obesity and insulin resistance in animal models. Acts as an exercise mimetic for metabolic regulation.

Mice treated with MOTS-c demonstrated substantially enhanced endurance and treadmill performance, even in old age.

Associated with exceptional longevity in human population studies. Levels decline with age, and supplementation reverses age-dependent physical decline in animal models.

Reduces fat mass and improves lean mass in animal models of obesity, potentially through enhanced fatty acid oxidation and metabolic flexibility.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is driven by oxida...

Redox biology · Xiangyu Li, Faliang Zhan, Guangfeng Qiu, Peng Lu, Zihao Shen

Mitochondrial-nuclear communication plays a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. MOTS-c, ...

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · Yadong Yin, Yujie Li, Boyi Ma, Chenlu Ren, Shuhua Zhao

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes substantial harm to mitochondrial activity, which hinders t...

Gut · Caorui Lin, Linjie Luo, Zhen Xun, Chenggong Zhu, Ying Huang

Mitochondria are complex metabolic organelles with manifold pathophysiological implications in diabe...

Diabetes & metabolism journal · Byung Soo Kong, Changhan Lee, Young Min Cho

Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA type-c (MOTS-c) is the most unearthed peptide encod...

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · Zahra Mohtashami, Mithalesh Kumar Singh, Farid Thomaz Neto, ...