NAD+

IV NAD+ infusions at longevity clinics typically use 250-500 mg per session over 2-4 hours, with loading protocols of 4-10 sessions over 10-14 days followed by monthly maintenance at 500-1000 mg. Oral supplementation is poorly bioavailable, which is why precursors (NMN, NR) are often preferred for oral use. Subcutaneous injections of 50-100 mg are also used in some clinical settings. Not FDA-approved as a therapeutic.

Serves as the primary electron carrier in cellular respiration, shuttling electrons in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation to drive ATP production.

Acts as an obligate co-substrate for sirtuins, NAD-dependent deacetylases that regulate DNA repair, gene expression, metabolism, and aging. Declining NAD+ levels with age reduce sirtuin activity.

Required substrate for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which detect and repair DNA damage. NAD+ depletion impairs DNA repair capacity.

NAD+ is consumed by CD38 (a NADase enzyme that increases with aging), contributing to age-related NAD+ decline. Modulating this axis is a target for longevity interventions.

Fundamental to mitochondrial ATP production. Restoring NAD+ levels may improve cellular energy output and reduce fatigue associated with aging.

NAD+ repletion extends lifespan in yeast, worms, and mice. Activates sirtuins involved in longevity pathways and improves age-related functional decline in animal models.

Supports PARP-mediated DNA repair, potentially reducing accumulation of DNA damage associated with aging and cancer risk.

NAD+ supplementation ameliorates age-associated neurodegenerative conditions in animal models, potentially through improved mitochondrial function and reduced oxidative stress.

NAD+ repletion improves endothelial dysfunction and protects against experimental heart failure in animal models.

Teduglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue used to promote intestinal rehabilitation and decr...

Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · Francisca Joly, Denise Jezerski, Ulrich-Frank Pape, Adriana ...

Interactions between Intestinal Homeostasis and NAD

Nutrients · Taichi Nagahisa, Shotaro Kosugi, Shintaro Yamaguchi

Human sirtuins play important roles in various cellular events including DNA repair, gene silencing,...

The FEBS journal · Alyson M Curry, Stacia Rymarchyk, Noah B Herrington, Dickson...

Extended Biocatalytic Halogenation Cascades Involving a Single-Polypeptide Regeneration System for Diffusible FADH

Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · Nicolai Montua, Norbert Sewald

Coacervate droplets are promising protocell models because they sequester a wide range of guest mole...

Nature communications · Jiahua Wang, Manzar Abbas, Junyou Wang, Evan Spruijt