Thymosin-Alpha-1

The standard clinical dosage is 1.6 mg administered subcutaneously twice weekly, typically for 6-12 months. This is the Zadaxin (thymalfasin) approved regimen used in hepatitis B/C trials and immunosuppression contexts. Well-tolerated with minimal side effects (primarily injection site irritation).

Acts as an agonist for toll-like receptor 2 and toll-like receptor 9 on myeloid and dendritic antigen-presenting cells, stimulating the adaptive immune response and enhancing pathogen recognition.

Promotes differentiation and maturation of T-cells, increasing CD4+, CD8+, and CD3+ cell populations, thereby enhancing cell-mediated immunity.

Enhances dendritic cell function and antibody responses, modulates cytokine and chemokine production, and blocks steroid-induced apoptosis of thymocytes.

Clinical trials show a complete virological response rate of ~40.6% in hepatitis B patients. Approved in multiple countries for this indication.

Used in combination with interferon for chronic hepatitis C treatment, enhancing antiviral immune response.

Boosts immune function in immunosuppressed patients including those undergoing chemotherapy, with demonstrated improvements in T-cell counts and function.

Enhances vaccine-induced immune responses when used as an adjuvant, particularly in elderly or immunocompromised populations.

Shown to help curb morbidity and mortality in sepsis by restoring immune balance.

Used as adjunct therapy for malignant tumors to enhance immune surveillance and anti-tumor immunity.

Aging is characterized by immune decline, mainly due to thymic involution-the age-related shrinkage ...

International journal of molecular sciences · Maria A Simonova, Igor Ivanov, Natalia S Shoshina, Alina M K...

Although oncolytic adenoviruses are widely studied for their direct oncolytic activity and immunomod...

Cell reports. Medicine · Kua Liu, Lingkai Kong, Huawei Cui, Louqian Zhang, Qilei Xin

This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of Thymosin Alpha 1 (Tα1) through a comprehensive ...

Alternative therapies in health and medicine · Elliot Dinetz, Edwin Lee

This systematic review was conducted to assess the curative effect of Thymosin alpha 1 in the acute ...

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP · Ailing Cao, Fanchao Feng, Xianmei Zhou

Thymosin α-1 (Tα-1) is an immunomodulating polypeptide of 28 amino acids, which was the first peptid...

International immunopharmacology · Yiting Wei, Yunpeng Zhang, Pengcheng Li, Chunguang Yan, Lixi...