VIP

Commonly discussed as an intranasal spray at 50 mcg per spray, typically 4-8 sprays per day (200-400 mcg/day). Shoemaker CIRS protocol: 1 spray (50 mcg) four times daily alternating nostrils for the first month, increasing to 2 sprays (100 mcg) four times daily for month two. Compounded formulations range from 1-5 mg/mL. Documented safety in over 10,000 patients. Minor nasal irritation may occur.

Binds to VPAC1 and VPAC2 G protein-coupled receptors, activating Gs-mediated adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP and activating PKA. Also signals through PAC1 receptors.

Relaxes enteric smooth muscle and dilates peripheral blood vessels, reducing blood pressure and increasing blood flow to target tissues.

Modulates immune responses by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production and promoting regulatory T-cell activity, acting as an endogenous anti-inflammatory agent.

Acts as a neurotrophic factor in the CNS, protecting neurons and playing a role in circadian rhythm regulation via the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Used intranasally to address chronic inflammatory response syndrome, particularly in mold-illness patients. Dr. Shoemaker protocol documented improvements in inflammatory markers.

Stimulates secretion of water and electrolytes in the gut, stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, and inhibits gastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion.

May improve pulmonary arterial hypertension and lung function through vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects in the pulmonary vasculature.

Intranasal VIP has shown improvements in spatial memory in animal models, with evidence of enhanced brain penetration via nasal delivery crossing the blood-brain barrier.

Plays a key role in synchronizing circadian rhythms via the suprachiasmatic nucleus, potentially supporting sleep-wake cycle regulation.

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is derived from a 170 amino acid precursor which in addition...

Results and problems in cell differentiation · Jan Fahrenkrug

Vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide have high affinity ...

Regulatory peptides · Kaijun Zhang, Mohan R Aruva, Nylla Shanthly, Christopher A C...

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a regulator of rodent embryogenesis during the period of neur...

Experimental neurology · Joanna M Hill, Katrina Cuasay, Daniel T Abebe

Enteric neuronal plasticity is probably fundamental in order to withstand injury or changes in intes...

Regulatory peptides · Marcin B Arciszewski, Eva Ekblad

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neurotransmitter involved in a number of pathological and p...

The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · Hisato Igarashi, Tetsuhide Ito, Wei Hou, Samuel A Mantey, Ta...