Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide

Primarily a research compound with no established clinical dosing for therapeutic use. In vitro studies use concentrations around 1-10 mcg/mL. Animal studies have used subcutaneous or topical application at varying doses (e.g., 10 mcg injections in wound models). Endogenous production can be upregulated by vitamin D supplementation. No FDA-approved therapeutic formulation exists.

The cationic, amphipathic alpha-helical structure of LL-37 allows it to interact with negatively charged bacterial membranes, forming pores and disrupting membrane integrity, leading to pathogen death.

LL-37 demonstrates anti-biofilm activity, capable of eradicating preformed biofilms in vitro and preventing biofilm formation by multiple Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.

Acts as a chemoattractant for immune cells, modulates cytokine release, and bridges innate and adaptive immunity. Influences inflammation, cell proliferation, and histamine release.

Promotes keratinocyte migration and re-epithelialization, stimulates angiogenesis, and enhances granulation tissue formation. Chronic ulcers show absent LL-37 immunoreactivity at wound edges.

Effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and some enveloped viruses. Demonstrated in vitro and in animal infection models.

Promotes re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation. Gene transfer studies in diabetic mice showed enhanced wound healing. LL-37 at 1 mcg/mL induced maximum keratinocyte migration.

Can prevent formation of and eradicate existing bacterial biofilms, which are a major barrier to treating chronic infections and wound healing.

Cathelicidin-deficient mice are more susceptible to bacterial infections. LL-37 modulates the immune response by recruiting immune cells and regulating inflammatory cytokines.

Analysis of Antimicrobial Peptide Expression Under Acute and Chronic Alcohol Exposure: A Cross-Sectional Study and a Systematic Review of the Literatu...

International journal of molecular sciences · Rojas-Pirela M, Herrera-Flores C, Costa-Alba P

Proteomic signatures of carotid plaque vulnerability: Proteolysis, inflammation, metabolic reprogramming, and lipid dysregulation.

JVS-vascular science · Sandoval CP, Meschia JF, Prudencio M

LL-37 antimicrobial peptide: Molecular characterisation and its role in oral health and disease-A narrative review.

Archives of oral biology · Soman D, P J, Cm M

Cathelicidin LL37-loaded extracellular vesicles from Edwardsiella piscicida promote antibacterial and wound-healing activity.

Scientific reports · Dias MKHM, Jayathilaka EHTT, De Zoysa M

The interplay between hormonal vitamin D and lipopolysaccharide signaling on human neutrophil transcriptional responses.

Frontiers in immunology · Ismailova A, Salehi-Tabar R, Ismailova N