Nicotinamide mononucleotide

Human clinical trials have used 250-900 mg/day orally. A randomized controlled trial tested 300 mg, 600 mg, and 900 mg daily for 60 days in healthy middle-aged adults. The 250 mg/day dose over 12 weeks was well-tolerated and significantly raised NAD+ levels in older men. Most consumer products are dosed at 250-500 mg/day. NMN is generally well-tolerated with no serious adverse effects reported in clinical trials.

Directly converted to NAD+ by nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferases (NMNATs), effectively boosting intracellular NAD+ levels and restoring age-related NAD+ decline.

By increasing NAD+ levels, NMN indirectly activates sirtuins (SIRT1-7), enhancing deacetylation of metabolic and longevity-associated proteins.

NMN induces lipolysis by regulating ATGL expression via the SIRT1-AMPK axis in adipocytes, contributing to fat metabolism.

Restores mitochondrial function by replenishing NAD+ required for electron transport chain activity and mitochondrial biogenesis.

Oral NMN supplementation at 250 mg/day significantly increases whole blood NAD+ and related metabolites in healthy older adults within 12 weeks.

Reverses high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in animal models, including improved glucose tolerance, reduced hepatic steatosis, and decreased adipose inflammation.

Reduces fat mass and increases lean mass in obese animal models. Reduces blood lipid levels contributing to metabolic health.

In a 60-day human clinical trial, NMN supplementation helped maintain blood biological age markers while placebo group showed significant aging.

In postmenopausal women, 300 mg/day NMN for 8 weeks decreased skin aging markers.

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Modulates Endothelin-1 via NR4A1 and Histone Modifications in Canine Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · Guo X, Zhu C, Adam SY

Ifn1 is an intracellular GMP 5'-nucleotidase induced during the fission yeast response to phosphate starvation.

mBio · Innokentev A, Schwer B, Shuman S

Enhanced Sensitivity and Human Relevance: a TNF-α-Induced HaCaT Keratinocyte Model for Screening Anti-Inflammatory Cosmetic Materials.

Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · Liao W, Xiao Y, Leng Q

Nicotinamide mononucleotide attenuates hyperandrogenism in a polycystic ovary syndrome-like rat model by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated granu...

Journal of ovarian research · Zhang Y, Huang K, Nong W

Stabilization of high internal phase emulsions by chitooligosaccharide‑sodium tripolyphosphate complexes: Application in enhancing stability and bioac...

Food chemistry · Sun S, Ning X, Guo X